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Molluscs

Every sample throughout the year has the larvae of molluscs (called veligers) appearing in the zooplankton. February and March are months especially full of periwinkle eggs although even these can be found most months. Sampling from Dale Fort's jetty in the winter can guarantee eggs of the Small Periwinkle (Melaraphe neritoides) probably because of the high density of adults living on the concrete sides.

Veligers are particularly enjoyable to watch under the microscope as they are so dynamic. Even from an early stage there is a shell which they can withdraw into but when active the velum is extended so that two wheels of cilia create rapid movement.

Veligers of Gastropods e.g. Periwinkles

Mollusc veliger larva showing velum
Mollusc veliger larva showing velum

Good views of the velum and cilia. All veligers here are 200-300 micron width

Mollusc veliger larva showing velum
Mollusc veliger larva
Mollusc veliger larva showing velum

The shell shows up well with a rainbow of colours. The "eye-like" structures are statocysts so the organism knows which way up it is in the water

Mollusc veliger larva showing velum

Possible veligers of nudibranchs

Possible veliger of nudibranch
Possible veliger of nudibranch
Possible veliger of nudibranch

Selection of Eggs in Different Developmental Stages

Periwinkle egg
Periwinkle egg
Periwinkle egg
Periwinkle egg developing
Periwinkle egg with developing veliger
Periwinkle eggs

Bivalve Eggs and Veligers

Dale Beach and the nearby Gann are excellent sandy shores at low tide and a wide range of bivalves inhabit the sediment. Most of the year bivalve veligers are present in the zooplankton although they reach a peak in April. At the end of July 2023 there was an unusual sudden surge of eggs dominating the plankton.

Bivalve egg with developing embryo
Cockle bivalve veliger larva
Bivalve eggs
Cockle bivalve veliger larva

A large population of Cockles on the beach near the pontoon results in abundant cockle veligers. Note the extended velum of cilia

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